Fate of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in purple clam Hiatula rostrata,in outdoor culture and laboratory culture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chen CY  Chou HN 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(8):733-738

Purple clams (Hiatula rostrata Lighttoot) accumulate paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by a toxic strain of the dinoflagellate Alexandriun minutum Halim. The results confirm the data of our previous study concerning the muscle and siphon that were not showing a gradual rise in toxicity when shellfish accumulated more A. minutum. However, muscle and siphon are intermittently toxic both in exposure and depuration period in laboratory cultured purple clams. PSP toxins were detected in outdoor cultured purple clams, whereas no A. minutum were found in the culture pond during most of the survey time. The outdoor cultured purple clams need longer time to decrease toxicity to allowable levels than laboratory cultured purple clams. It was shown that laboratory data may not predict times over which pond-cultured purple clams may prove toxic to consumers.  相似文献   

Microbial modulation in the biomass and toxin production of a red-tide causing alga   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Zheng TL  Su JQ  Maskaoui K  Yu ZM  Hu Z  Xu JS  Hong HS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):1018-1025

The effect of S₁₀, a strain of marine bacteria isolated from sediment in the Western Xiamen Sea, on the growth and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) production in the alga Alexandrium tamarense (A. tamarense) was studied under controlled experimental conditions. The results of these experiments have shown that the growth of A. tamarense is obviously inhibited by S₁₀ at high concentrations, however no evident effect on its growth was observed at low concentrations. Its PSP production was also inhibited by S₁₀ at different concentrations, especially at low concentrations. The toxicity of this strain of A. tamarense is about (0.95–12.14) × 10⁻⁶ MU/cell, a peak toxicity value of 12.14 × 10⁻⁶ MU/cell appeared on the 14th day, after which levels decreased gradually. The alga grew well in conditions of pH 6–8 and salinities of 20–34‰. The toxicity of the alga varied markedly at different pH and salinity levels. Toxicity decreased as pH increased, while it increased with salinity and reached a peak value at a salinity of 30‰, after which it declined gradually. S₁₀ at a concentration of 1.02 × 10⁹ cells/ml inhibited growth and the PSP production of A. tamarense at different pH and salinity levels. S₁₀ had the strongest inhibitory function on the growth of A. tamarense under conditions of pH 7 and a salinity of 34‰. The best inhibitory effect on PSP production by A. tamarense was at pH 7, this inhibitory effect on PSP production did not relate to salinity. Interactions between marine bacteria and A. tamarense were also investigated using the flow cytometer technique (FCM) as well as direct microscope counting. S₁₀ was identified as being a member of the genus Bacillus, the difference in 16S rDNA between S₁₀ and Bacillus halmapalus was only 2%. The mechanism involved in the inhibition of growth and PSP production of A. tamarense by this strain of marine bacteria, and the prospect of using it and other marine bacteria in the bio-control of red-tides was discussed.  相似文献   

长肋日月贝的营养成分分析及评价          下载免费PDF全文

朱彩艳  王雨  张殿昌  苏天凤  吴开畅 《海洋科学》2011,35(3):87-91

对野生长肋日月贝(Amusium pleuronectes)的闭壳肌和贝肉其他部分的基本营养成分进行分析.结果表明:闭壳肌的平均质量分数为18.13%±2.15%,超过优良养殖海湾扇贝"中科红".闭壳肌的蛋白质质量比(干质量)为847.62 g/kg,贝肉其他部分蛋白质质量比为662.50 g/kg.必需氨基酸与非必需...  相似文献   

温度、盐度和光照对一株有毒利玛原甲藻生长的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐杏  于仁成  罗璇  冯振洲  李爱峰  颜天  周名江  白洁 《海洋科学》2012,36(12):19-24

针对一株利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima Dodge),应用小鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法对其毒性和毒素成分进行了初步分析,并通过多因子实验,研究了温度、盐度和光照强度等环境因子对利玛原甲藻生长的影响.分析结果显示,这株利玛原甲藻能够产生大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)和鳍藻毒素1(Dinophysistoxin 1,DTX1)等腹泻性贝-毒-(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison,DSP).多因素方差分析结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度为18、21和24℃;盐度为28、32和36;光照强度为2500、5 000和7 500 lx),利玛原甲藻的生长受盐度影响显著(P＜0.05),而温度和光照强度对利玛原甲藻的生长没有显著影响.温度和光照强度及温度和盐度之间的交互作用对利玛原甲藻的比增长率也有显著影响(P＜0.05).根据实验结果,这株利玛原甲藻生长的最适条件为:温度18℃,盐度28,光照强度7 500 lx.  相似文献   

多倍体贝类的生物学特性   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

王昭萍  王如才  于瑞海  田传远 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1998,(3)

综述了多倍体贝类的生物学特性。由于诱导剂的毒性作用或致死基因纯合等原因,多倍体贝类在胚胎及幼虫期的存活率明显低于正常二倍体,但在成体期间则差异不明显。一般认为三倍体由于其不育性而比二倍体生长速度快,个体大,品质好。然而,三倍体并非完全不育,在繁殖期间性腺也有一定程度的发育,能够产生少量体积较大的精卵;在大多数诱导的多倍体贝类中,雌雄比例与二倍体是接近的;多倍体贝类的抗逆性并不高于二倍体,在恶劣环境条件下,三倍体的生长及存活能力甚至低于正常二倍体;三倍体贝类的耗氧率、氨氮排泄率以及生化组成等与二倍体无明显差异;在繁殖季节,三倍体的醣原含量明显高于二倍体,其能量收支处于正平衡,而二倍体则处于负平衡。  相似文献   

麻痹性贝毒研究进展   总被引：37，自引：5，他引：32  

于仁诚  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》1998,29(3):330-338

根据８０－９０年代中际上对麻痹性贝毒研究的最新进展,就研究中的几个热点问题进行综合评述,包括：麻痹性贝毒产毒藻的识别;毒素产生机制;毒素监测和分析方法;麻痹性贝毒对海洋生物的影响;麻痹怀贝毒对水产养殖业的影响及对策等。概括了麻痹性贝毒研究的现状和研究中的亟待解决的问题。中国在麻痹性贝毒毒素研究领域只进行了一些初步的工作,本文结合中中国的研究现状,提出以后在此领域内的重点研究方向。  相似文献   

链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出     

许翠娅 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(5):1363-1372

为研究链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PST)在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出规律,设置试验组和对照组,采用链状裸甲藻和中肋骨条藻投喂翡翠贻贝,开展短期累积(12 h)、长期累积(10 d)和排出(28 d)试验。结果表明:翡翠贻贝具有较强的毒素累积能力,内脏团是PST累积的主要部位, PST含量与产毒藻密度呈显著正相关关系。当链状裸甲藻密度为1.0×106cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 h已接近食用贝类毒素安全标准,累积8 h超标。当产毒藻密度为5.0×105 cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 d超标,累积8 d达到峰值(3 590.4±545.7)μg/kg。贻贝对PST具有累积快排出慢的特点,内脏团PST含量在排出16 d达标,排出速率先快后慢。内脏团对PST的累积和排出速率显著高于闭壳肌和其他组织,闭壳肌和其他组织则无显著差异。PST进入贻贝体内后发生了代谢转化,贻贝可能将产毒藻中膝沟藻毒素GTX3转化为GTX2, N-磺酰氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素C2转化为C1,部分C1转化为脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素2(dc...  相似文献   

海洋中麻痹性贝类毒素的合成转化及其影响因素研究进展     

宋维佳  宋秀贤  俞志明  李靖  张悦 《海洋科学》2022,46(9):117-129

麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)是由某些甲藻产生的一种高毒性神经毒素,在海洋环境中分布广、危害大,可对水产养殖和人类健康造成重大危害;PSTs毒素的毒性大小随种类和结构的不同有较大差异。迄今,国内外学者针对PSTs的来源分布、迁移转化、生物合成及其影响因素等开展了大量的调查研究,但目前对于藻细胞产毒的生物合成途径、遗传学特征及其环境调控机理等研究仍处于起步阶段。PSTs的生物合成过程不仅与藻细胞自身生长阶段有关,还会受到光照、温度、营养盐等多种环境因素的影响,环境条件的改变会引起藻细胞毒素组成和含量发生不同程度的变化。近年来,研究人员应用基因组学和蛋白质组学技术,发现了产生PSTs的典型甲藻——亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)细胞内与PSTs毒素生物合成相关的某些基因或蛋白质,对我们更清晰地了解亚历山大藻产生PSTs毒素的机制具有重要意义。本文综合以往的研究报道,对亚历山大藻中PSTs的生物合成与转化及其主要影响因素进行了总结,以期为产毒有害藻华的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

副溶血性弧菌产耐热直接溶血毒素对黑色素瘤的抑制作用研究     

杨兰珠  李诗怡  郑雯静  李静  包哲隈  杨靖亚 《海洋科学》2022,46(8):121-129

为探讨耐热直接溶血毒素(Thermostabile direct hemolysin,TDH)在体内和体外对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16的抑制作用,本研究通过MTT法、克隆形成试验、凋亡试验、Caspase-8和Caspase-3的活性试验、线粒体膜电位的检测以及体内C57BL/6小鼠(Mus musculus)荷瘤实验,比较TDH作用于不同细胞的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀),评价TDH对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16的体内外抑制作用。结果发现:人结肠上皮细胞NCM460、人正常肝细胞LO2、人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16在TDH处理24 h之后,细胞的半抑制质量浓度IC₅₀分别为151、118、54和48 μg/mL,正常细胞的IC₅₀高出癌细胞近2~3倍。当质量浓度低于20 μg/mL时,TDH以剂量依赖性的方式抑制B16细胞的克隆形成,6 mg/kg TDH在移植瘤模型中显著抑制体内肿瘤的生长(P<0.001)。流式细胞术和荧光试剂盒检测表明:20 μg/mL的TDH能诱导19.4%的B16细胞发生早期凋亡,并激活Caspase-8和Caspase-3,但不影响线粒体膜电位。TDH具有体内外的抗肿瘤活性,可能通过细胞表面的死亡受体介导的凋亡信号通路引起凋亡,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用。  相似文献   

Intraspecific diversity of Aureobasidium pullulans strains from different marine environments     

Jia Liu  Zhiqiang Liu  Zhenming Chi  Liang Zhang  Dechao Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3):241-246

Totally more than 500 yeast strains were isolated from seawater, sea sediments, mud of sea salterns, marine fish guts and marine algae. The results of routine and molecular biology identification methods show that nine strains among these marine yeasts belong to Aureobasidium pullulans, although the morphologies of their colonies are very different. The marine yeasts isolated from different marine environments indicate that A. pullulans is widely distributed in different environmental conditions. These Aureobasidium pullulans strains include A. pullulans 4#2, A. pullulans N13d, A. pullulans HN3-11, A. pullulans HN2-3, A. pullulans JHSc, A. pullulans HN4.7, A. pullulans HN5.3, A. pullulans HN6.2 and A. pullulans W13a. A. pullulans 4#2 could produce cellulase and single cell protein. A. pullulans N13d could produce protease, lipase, amylase and cellulase. Both A. pullulans HN3-11 and A. pullulans HN2-3 were able to produce protease, lipase and cellulase. A. pullulans JHSc could secrete cellulase and killer toxin. Both A. pullulans HN4.7 and A. pullulans HN5.3 could yield lipase and cellulase. A. pullulans W13a was able to secrete extracellular amylase and cellulase while A. pullulans HN4.7 and A. pullulans N13d could produce siderophores. This means that different A. pullulans strains from different marine environments have different physiological characteristics, which may be applied in many different biotechnological industries.  相似文献